Journal of Indonesian Society Empowerment (JISE) is committed to preserving the integrity, permanence, and immutability of the scholarly record. Articles published in JISE represent a permanent historical record of scientific inquiry. On rare occasions, it becomes necessary to alter, correct, clarify, or retract published articles to maintain the accuracy of scientific literature, correct honest errors, or address ethical violations.

In strict compliance with the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), JISE enforces a transparent and standardized policy for issuing Errata, Corrigenda, Expressions of Concern, Retractions, and Article Removals. All post-publication amendments are issued through formal notices that are assigned unique Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs), published in the current issue, and permanently cross-linked to the original article.

Corrections are issued when errors occur that do not invalidate the core scientific conclusions or overall integrity of the published article. Minor errors that do not affect scientific understanding—such as minor spelling mistakes, formatting glitches, or simple grammatical adjustments—will not be formally corrected, as they do not alter scientific meaning.

• Errata (Publisher Errors): An Erratum is published when a significant error was introduced by the journal during the editing, typesetting, or production process (e.g., corrupted data tables, missing author affiliations, or truncated equations). The publisher assumes full responsibility for drafting and issuing an Erratum.
• Corrigenda (Author Errors): A Corrigendum is published when a significant oversight or honest error was made by the authors (e.g., mislabeled figure axes, minor calculation errors, inadvertent omission of a funding source, or misspelling an author's name). The corresponding author must submit a formal request explaining the error and providing the corrected text.
• Addenda (Supplementary Additions): An Addendum is published when authors need to add critical supplementary information, clarifying methodology details, or additional context that became available after publication and is deemed necessary by the editors to ensure full scientific comprehension.

An Expression of Concern is a formal notice issued by the Editor-in-Chief to alert the scientific community to potential issues in a published paper while a formal investigation is ongoing. An Expression of Concern may be published under the following conditions:

• The Editorial Board receives serious, evidence-based allegations of research misconduct, data fabrication, image manipulation, or plagiarism, but an official institutional investigation remains pending or inconclusive.
• The authors' institution or ethics board fails or refuses to conduct an inquiry into substantive integrity allegations within a reasonable timeframe.
• An investigation is underway, but a conclusive resolution is expected to take a prolonged period, and the Editor-in-Chief determines that readers require immediate notification to prevent reliance on potentially flawed findings.

Retraction is a severe editorial mechanism used to correct the literature and alert readers when a published paper's findings are so fundamentally flawed or unethical that the conclusions can no longer be trusted. The primary purpose of a retraction is the correction of the scientific record, not the punishment of authors.

In accordance with COPE Retraction Guidelines, JISE will retract an article if:

• There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable due to major honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental failure) or deliberate research misconduct (data fabrication or data falsification);
• The manuscript exhibits severe, unmitigated plagiarism or text recycling exceeding acceptable thresholds;
• The findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification (duplicate/redundant publication);
• The research involves severe breaches of human or animal research ethics, lack of IRB approval, or unmitigated violations of informed consent;
• The authors failed to disclose major, compromising conflicts of interest that fundamentally bias the study's conclusions;
• The peer review process was compromised or manipulated (e.g., fake peer review or paper mill involvement).

• Initiation: Retractions may be requested by the article's authors, initiated by the Editor-in-Chief, or requested by the authors' host institution or ethics committee.
• Format of Retraction Notice: An official notice titled "Retraction: [Article Title]" will be published in the current issue and assigned a unique DOI. The notice will clearly state who is retracting the article, detail the specific factual grounds for retraction, and include a direct link to the original published article.
• Permanence and Watermarking: In accordance with open access publishing standards, the original HTML and PDF versions of the article will not be removed from the portal. Instead, the PDF version will be updated with a prominent, permanent "RETRACTED" watermark applied diagonally across every page. The original text remains visible to preserve the historical record, but the retraction notice is prepended to the PDF file.

In extremely rare and exceptional circumstances, JISE may remove an article entirely from its online platform and database. Article removal is executed only under strict legal or ethical imperatives, such as:

• The article is subject to a binding court order or legal injunction;
• The content is explicitly defamatory, libelous, or infringes upon a third party's legal rights;
• The article contains severe breaches of privacy or confidentiality that pose immediate legal, physical, or personal safety risks to research participants;
• The article discloses data or protocols that pose an immediate, severe biosecurity or public safety risk.

When an article is removed, the full text and PDF files are deleted from the portal. However, to maintain bibliographic continuity, the article's landing page will remain active, displaying a standard statement explaining that the article has been removed for legal or ethical reasons, accompanied by complete bibliographic metadata and DOI link.

When a Correction, Expression of Concern, Retraction, or Removal is executed on the JISE portal:

• Metadata updates are immediately transmitted to Crossref, DOAJ, indexing services, and abstracting databases.
• The DOI resolution will ensure that any reader accessing the original article URL is automatically informed of the post-publication status change via Crossmark and direct editorial links.