Journal of Indonesian Society Empowerment (JISE) adheres to strict ethical standards regarding authorship and contributorship. Defining clear authorship criteria ensures that academic credit is awarded fairly to those who contributed significantly to the research, while establishing legal, ethical, and public accountability for all published content.

JISE aligns its authorship guidelines with the standards established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All individuals listed as authors on a manuscript submitted to JISE must satisfy all authorship criteria detailed in this policy.

To qualify for authorship on a manuscript submitted to JISE, every listed individual must satisfy all four of the following core requirements:

1. Substantial Intellectual Contribution: Making significant contributions to the conception, design, empirical methodology, data collection, or statistical/qualitative analysis and interpretation of the research data.
2. Manuscript Drafting or Critical Revision: Drafting the initial manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content, theoretical depth, or analytical accuracy.
3. Final Approval: Reviewing, approving, and formally endorsing the final version of the manuscript to be published.
4. Accountability: Agreeing to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the study are appropriately investigated, documented, and resolved.

Individuals who do not meet all four criteria above do not qualify for authorship and should instead be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section of the paper.

To promote transparency in authorship contributions, JISE encourages authors to adopt the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) framework. Authors must specify the distinct contributions of each listed author in a dedicated statement titled "Author Contributions" placed prior to the Reference list.

Applicable CRediT roles include:

• Conceptualization: Formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
• Methodology: Development or design of methodology; creation of models or survey instruments.
• Formal Analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or qualitative techniques to analyze or synthesize study data.
• Investigation: Conducting the research process, performing field experiments, or collecting empirical data.
• Writing – Original Draft: Preparation, creation, and presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial manuscript draft.
• Writing – Review & Editing: Preparation, creation, and presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary, or revision.
• Supervision: Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship.
• Funding Acquisition: Acquisition of the financial support leading to this publication.

The Corresponding Author acts as the primary administrative and scientific liaison between the authors, the Editorial Board, and the journal readership. Key responsibilities include:

• Pre-Submission Approval: Ensuring that all listed authors have thoroughly reviewed, agreed upon, and approved the submitted manuscript, author order, and submission details.
• Metadata Integrity: Providing accurate full names, institutional affiliations, official email addresses, and ORCID iDs for all co-authors in the OJS submission system.
• Ethical Declarations: Ensuring that all relevant ethical approvals, IRB clearance numbers, participant consent documentation, conflict of interest declarations, and funding disclosures are included in the manuscript.
• Post-Publication Communication: Acting as the point of contact for reader inquiries, post-publication discussions, raw data requests, or integrity inquiries.

JISE strictly prohibits unethical authorship arrangements. Submissions found to involve improper authorship distribution will be investigated in accordance with COPE flowcharts:

• Ghost Authorship: Omitting individuals who made substantial intellectual contributions to the research, writing, or analysis.
• Guest Authorship: Including prominent researchers, senior academics, or department heads who made no meaningful intellectual contribution to the paper, solely to increase the likelihood of publication.
• Gift Authorship: Including colleagues, supervisors, students, or institutional administrators as authors purely out of courtesy, personal obligation, or reciprocal agreement without meeting the 4 core authorship criteria.
• Paper Mills and Purchased Authorship: Buying, selling, or trading authorship slots on manuscripts generated by commercial writing services or paper mills. Confirmed paper mill submissions will result in immediate rejection, institutional notification, and a permanent submission ban.

Any proposed addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the manuscript roster—whether requested during manuscript revision, peer review, or after conditional acceptance—must be formally requested by the Corresponding Author.

1. The Corresponding Author must submit a written request to the Editor-in-Chief detailing the scientific or technical justification for the change in authorship.
2. The Corresponding Author must submit a completed Authorship Change Form signed by all listed authors (including those being added or removed), confirming their explicit consent to the revised author list and ordering.
3. Requests for authorship changes submitted after formal manuscript acceptance will be granted only under extraordinary, fully documented circumstances. No authorship changes are permitted once an article has been published online.

Contributors who do not satisfy all four core ICMJE criteria for authorship must be credited in an Acknowledgments section at the end of the article text.

Examples of non-author contributions eligible for acknowledgment include:

• General administrative or departmental support;
• Technical assistance, routine laboratory work, or field data collection assistance;
• Language editing, proofreading, or translation services;
• Provision of research facilities, survey venues, or equipment.

Authors must ensure that all individuals named in the Acknowledgments section have granted their permission to be named publicly.

In alignment with COPE guidelines and JISE's AI Usage Policy, artificial intelligence tools, Large Language Models (LLMs), or conversational agents (such as ChatGPT or Claude) cannot be listed as authors or co-authors. Authorship carries legal accountability, moral responsibility, and copyright ownership, which AI software cannot hold.