Problematika Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Mengonstruksi Batas Kewenangan Negara dan Otoritas Kelembagaan Publik

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61105/issr.v4i1.406

Keywords:

Constitutional Court, judicial activism, separation of powers, institutional authority, Absensi

Abstract

This study examines the role of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia in shaping and clarifying the boundaries of state authority and institutional power within Indonesia’s constitutional system. The research aims to analyze how Constitutional Court decisions contribute to the structuring of institutional powers and their implications for the principle of checks and balances. A socio-legal qualitative approach is employed through the analysis of 42 Constitutional Court decisions from 2019 to 2024, complemented by in-depth interviews with legal scholars, retired constitutional judges, and legal practitioners. The findings identify three main patterns of authority construction: annulment of norms, constitutional interpretation, and conditional decisions, with a notable prevalence of conditional rulings. The study indicates that, in certain cases, the Court does not merely review norms but also provides interpretative guidance for their application, particularly in situations involving legal ambiguity or potential normative gaps. While such practices may enhance constitutional effectiveness, they also highlight the need for clearer interpretative boundaries to avoid divergent understandings in inter-institutional relations. This study concludes that Constitutional Court decisions function as part of a dynamic process in the ongoing development of constitutional meaning within Indonesia’s evolving constitutional practice.

Penelitian ini mengkaji peran putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia dalam membentuk dan menegaskan batas kewenangan negara serta otoritas kelembagaan publik dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis bagaimana putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi berkontribusi terhadap penataan kewenangan lembaga negara serta implikasinya terhadap prinsip checks and balances. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif sosio-legal melalui analisis terhadap 42 putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi periode 2019–2024, yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara mendalam bersama akademisi, hakim konstitusi purnatugas, dan praktisi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga pola utama dalam konstruksi kewenangan, yaitu pembatalan norma, tafsir konstitusional, dan putusan bersyarat, dengan kecenderungan dominan pada putusan bersyarat. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa dalam sejumlah perkara, Mahkamah tidak hanya melakukan pengujian norma, tetapi juga memberikan penafsiran yang memuat arahan penerapan norma dalam situasi ketidakjelasan atau potensi kekosongan hukum. Praktik tersebut di satu sisi berkontribusi terhadap efektivitas konstitusi, namun di sisi lain memunculkan kebutuhan akan kejelasan batas interpretasi agar tidak menimbulkan variasi pemaknaan dalam relasi antarlembaga negara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi berperan sebagai bagian dari proses dinamis dalam pembentukan makna konstitusional yang berkembang sesuai dengan konteks praktik ketatanegaraan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications.

Butt, S. (2022). What constitutes compliance? Legislative responses to constitutional court decisions in Indonesia. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 20(1), 428–456. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/moac012

Butt, S. (2023). Constitutional court decisions on the judicial independence of other Indonesian courts. Constitutional Review, 9(2), 1–XX. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev922

Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J., & Neville, A. J. (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41(5), 545–547. https://doi.org/10.1188/14.ONF.545-547

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Dixon, R., & Landau, D. E. (2021). Abusive Constitutional Borrowing: legal globalization and the subversion of liberal democracy. Oxford University Press.

Ginsburg, T. (2020). Judicial review in new democracies. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 16, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-121919-082623

Guest, G., Namey, E., & Chen, M. (2020). A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research. PLOS ONE, 15(5), e0232076. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232076

Hirschl, R. (2019). Comparative matters: The renaissance of comparative constitutional law. Oxford University Press.

Isra, S. (2024). Hukum tata negara: Konsep dan praktik. Rajawali Pers.

Kallio, H., Pietilä, A.-M., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: Developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(12), 2954–2965. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13031

Lindsey, T. (2018). Constitutional courts and the review of regulations in a split jurisdiction: Indonesia. Constitutional Review. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev412

Milzam, Q., & Syamsul, A. R. A. (2025). Judicial Activism by the Constitutional Court in the Frame of Check and Balances as Development Towards Juristocracy. Legal Brief, 14(2), 253–262. https://legal.isha.or.id/index.php/legal/article/view/1284/815

Mochtar, Z. A. (2025). Guarding democracy: Judicial activism in the Indonesian Constitutional Court decisions in regional head electoral disputes. Constitutional Review, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev1112

Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

Pakpahan, Z. A. (2025). Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai penjaga konstitusi: Analisis kritis terhadap konstitusionalisme di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi, 13(4), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.36987/jiad.v13i4.8928

Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y

Prior, L. (2016). Using documents in social research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Stone Sweet, A. (2019). The judicial construction of Europe. Oxford University Press.

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Sundariwati, N. L. D. (2024). Judicial activism: Between protecting constitutional supremacy or transitioning to juristocracy. Jurnal Konstitusi, 21(3), 432–447. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2135

Tushnet, M. (2024). Constitution as recommendation. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 50 (7), 1023 - 1033. https://doi.org/10.1177/01914537241263289

Downloads

Published

2026-04-01

How to Cite

Harsanti, T. D., Novitasari, R., & Umamy, E. (2026). Problematika Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Mengonstruksi Batas Kewenangan Negara dan Otoritas Kelembagaan Publik. Indonesian Social Science Review, 4(1), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.61105/issr.v4i1.406

Issue

Section

Articles